A degree is not necessary; a credential is. What you have to do is contact the school where you want to teach and ask them what they require for a credential. They will tell you if a degree is required for the credential you need and will give you the proper forms to apply for your credential. A lot depends on what classes you want to teach.

You need an MFA to teach full time at a 4 yr university and a MA to teach either part-time at a 4 yr, or full-time at a community college. You only need a credential for high school and below.

At the university level you do not usually need an education degree just usually a PhD. in the subject you will teach.

As the others have said, you do not need a teaching certification. You need at least a Masters degree. A Ph.d in math is difficult and many do not have it. You need plenty of math college course work and would probably specialize in your masters such as be a statistics wiz or another area of math.

Good luck!

Colleges require at least a masters degree with at least 18 graduate ours in the field in which you want to teach. You probably will need a terminal degree — a doctorate — to do more than adjunct teaching unless you have some other credential — like a CPA along with your masters.

College teachers don't have to have any education courses at all.

The link below is about adjunct (part-time) teaching. It lists requirements.